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Causality

Causal explanations, not dry facts, make up the bulk of our knowledge.

A causal relationship between a variable X and a variable Y exists if Y in any way relies on X for its value, i.e., X is a cause of Y (Pearl et al. 2016). 

Reference

Pearl, J., Glymour, M., & Jewell, N. P. (2016). Causal inference in statistics: A primer. John Wiley & Sons.